Van Gogh lived here and Paul Gauguin lived with him for two months here also. Shortly after Gauguin left, Van Gogh cut his ear off.  Van Gogh also painted the house.

Seems to be some disagreement as to where the house was or is. See references.  

The Yellow House (painting)

The Yellow House is the title generally given to an oil painting by the 19th-century Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh.

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The Yellow House (painting)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Yellow_House
• Naifeh, S. W. and Smith, G. W., 2011, Van Gogh: The Life: Random House Digital Inc., 953p.