The University of Aberdeen, (abbreviated as Aberd. in post-nominals), is a publicresearch university in Aberdeen, Scotland. It is an ancient university founded in 1495 when William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen, petitioned Pope Alexander VI on behalf of James IV, King of Scots to establish King's College,[4] making it Scotland's third-oldest university and the fifth-oldest in the English-speaking world. The university as it is comprised today was formed in 1860 by a merger between King's College and Marischal College, a second university founded in 1593 as a Protestant alternative to the former. Today, Aberdeen is consistently ranked among the top 200 universities in the world[5] and is ranked within the top 30 universities in the United Kingdom.[6]