The quakes caused extensive changes to the region's topography. Subsidence, uplift, fissures, landslides and riverbank collapses were common. Trees were uprooted by the intense shaking; others were drowned when subsided land was flooded. Reelfoot Lake was formed in Tennessee by subsidence ranging from 1.5 meters, up to 6 meters in some places. Lake St. Francis, in eastern Arkansas, was expanded by subsidence, with sand and coal being ejected from fissures in the adjacent swamps as water levels rose by 8 to 9 meters. Waves from the Mississippi River caused boats to wash ashore; river banks rose, sand bars were destroyed, and some islands completely disappeared.[23] Sand blows also occurred in Missouri, Tennessee, and Arkansas, destroying farmland.
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