Panorama from the top of Mapungubwe Hill

The Kingdom of Mapungubwe (1220–1290 ) was a pre-colonial state in Southern Africa located at the confluence of the Shashe and Limpopo rivers (22°2′S 29°36′E / 22.033°S 29.6°E / -22.033; 29.6), south of Great Zimbabwe.^[2] The Kingdom was the first stage of development that would culminate in the creation of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe in the 13th century,^[3] with gold trading links to Rhapta and Kilwa Kisiwani on the African east coast.

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom of Mapungubwe