The Acoma Massacre, or the Battle of Acoma Pueblo, was fought in January 1599 between Spanish conquistadors and Acoma native Americans in what is now New Mexico. After twelve soldiers were killed at Acoma Pueblo in 1598, the Spanish retaliated by launching a punitive expedition, which led to the deaths of around 800 men, women and children during a three-day battle. Several hundred survivors were also enslaved or otherwise severely punished.